名词（代词） + 现在分词

The night surrounding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.

名词（代词） + 过去分词

The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.

名词（代词） + 不定式

The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each translating a quarter of the book.

名词（代词） + 形容词

The horse lay there, its legs trembling.

名词（代词） + 副词

The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.

名词（代词） + 名词

His first shot failed, he fired again.

名词（代词） + 介词短语

The man with a gun stood at the corner, waiting for his target.

这些例句展示了独立主格结构在不同语境下的应用，它们在句中可以作为一个独立的成分，提供原因、条件、时间等相关信息。